The universe has the background energy called vacuum energy. This background energy is the result of zero-point field derived from Heisenberg’s energy–time uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. Both quantum electrodynamics (QED) and stochastic electrodynamics(SED) estimate the vacuum energy of free space to be 10113 joules per cubic meter. However, using the upper limit of the cosmological constant, this is only estimated to be 10−9 joules per cubic meter. This huge discrepancy is known as the cosmological constant problem.
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